Apparently, an augmented reality game much like 'Pokémon Go' existed in Korea five years ago. 

Back in 2011, KT Corporation, South Korea's largest communications/telephone company, had introduced an augmented reality game for mobile devices similar to 'Pokémon Go' called 'Olleh Catch Catch.' 

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The game involved the running of an app that would use GPS and a map overlay to reveal the locations of 'monsters' on the streets, much like the explosively popular 'Pokémon Go.' 

Unfortunately, 'Olleh Catch Catch' didn't catch on and phased out in a year following its launch. It appears it failed to gain traction with the mainstream masses as the game lacked the familiarity and popularity of franchises like Pokémon.